HitCoder English Reclist 01.11.21
These lists are WIP; more is to come.
Consonants
| HitCoder CVVC | VOCALOID | VCCV | ARPASING | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | th | t | t | aspirated t |
| tt | t | t | t | unaspirated t |
| k | kh | k | k | aspirated k |
| kk | k | k | k | unaspirated k |
| p | ph | p | p | aspirated p |
| pp | p | p | p | unaspirated p |
| d | d / dh | d | d | |
| g | g / gh | g | g | |
| b | b / bh | b | b | |
| z | z | z | z | |
| s | s | s | s | |
| n | n | n | n | |
| m | m | m | m | |
| l | l0 | l | l | Clear L (onset syllable) |
| 5 | l / @l | l | l | Dark L (coda syllable) |
| w | w | w | w | |
| j | j | y | y | |
| h | h | h | hh | |
| hj | h j | hh | hh y | "hy" sound like in "hue" |
| v | v | v | v | |
| f | f | f | f | |
| r | r | r | r | |
| tS | tS | ch | ch | ch sound in "check" |
| dZ | dZ | j | jh | j sound in "jet" |
| ' | ? | q | Glottal stop | |
| D | D | dh | dh | eg. "this" |
| T | T | th | th | eg. "thing" |
| N | N | ng | ng | eg. "sing" |
| 4 | 4 | dd | dx | Alveolar tap, eg "butter" (GenAm) |
| Z | Z | zh | zh | eg. "collision" |
| S | S | sh | sh | eg. "shine" |
Vowel Pronunciation
For the sake of helping to explain complexity, there will be multiple tables below breaking the sets of vowels into sections of importance. The simpler lists may therefore not include the full set, but you can guarantee that the main set will be included in all lists.
Vowel set 1: Main vowels
This is the main set of vowels that are absolutely essential and required for English. There will be some discrepancies, especially regarding differences among dialects (for example, the cot-caught merger), and in some cases the vowel /A/ may be the same as /aI/ before the decay of the diphthong.
| Alias in UTAU | IPA | Example word |
|---|---|---|
| A | ɑ | cot |
| Q | ɒ | caught |
| { | æ | cat |
| V | ʌ | cut |
| E | ɛ | keg |
| I | ɪ | kit |
| i | i | key |
| U | ʊ | cook |
| u | u | coop |
| aU | aʊ | cow |
| aI | aɪ | time |
| eI | eɪ | tame |
| oU | oʊ | code |
| OI | ɔɪ | boy |
| @r | əɹ | her |
Vowel set 2: Unstressed vowels
These vowels are almost always unstressed in English, but for full flexibility it's generally good practice to include them.
| Alias in UTAU | IPA | Example word |
|---|---|---|
| @ | ə | comma |
| 1 | ɨ | roses |
Vowel set 3: R-Colored vowels
These are vowels that precede a voiced alveolar approximant (english R), and in some dialects can end up being pronounced differently when in such contexts. In addition, including the approximant in the vowel can increase smoothness and is often preferred in a lot of voicebanks and contexts. An example of this is the use of r-colored vowels in Vocaloid.
| Alias in UTAU | IPA | Example word |
|---|---|---|
| Ar | ɑɹ | bar |
| Er | ɛɹ | care |
| Ir | ɪɹ | beer |
| Or | ɔɹ | core |
| Ur | ʊɹ | sure |
Vowel set 4: Nasal vowels
Some vowels in English are nasalized in certain contexts, such as "hand", "hang" and "sing".
| Alias in UTAU | IPA | Example word |
|---|---|---|
| {~ | æ̃ | can |
| I~ | ɪ̃ | sing |
| E~ | ɛ̃ | bang |
Vowel set 5: Vowels with dark L
These are the main vowels that often are pronounced differently when preceding a dark L. As such, these vowels either: * Are not included other than when preceding a dark L (example case "coal"). * Are pronounced differently when preceding a dark L and thus would not sound natural without including it in the vowel (as such in "tool" as [tu][u 5-]) (example case "toon" vs "tool")
| Alias in UTAU | IPA | Example word |
|---|---|---|
| O5 | ɔɫ | coal |
| @5 | əɫ | pull |
| u5 | uɫ | cool |
Vowels set 6: Other vowels with dark L
These are other vowels that precede a dark L. This set will only be included in the more complex lists as they can often be redundant, but including them makes the voicebank easier to use in UTAU.
| Alias in UTAU | IPA | Example word |
|---|---|---|
| Q5 | ɒɫ | tall |
| I5 | ɪɫ | till |
| E5 | ɛɫ | tell |
| {5 | æɫ | shall |
| V5 | ʌɫ | cull |
| a5 | aɫ | I'll |
| 35 | ɜ˞ɫ | earl |
List principles
List A
(117 Lines)
- Vowel set 1 only
- Inclusion of /ɔ/ vowel for words such as "core" and "cold"
- [- CV] or [V C-] are not included
- [- CV] should be constructed as [- C][CV]
- Syllable onset clusers are written as [- C][C C][CV]
- Syllable coda clusters are written as [V C][C C][C -]
- Consonant transitions [C C] are only included for clusters or for ending /ɹ/
- This list is 7 mora to optimize efficiency
List B
(285 Lines)
- Vowel sets 1 and 2 are included
- Inclusion of /ɔ/ vowel for words such as "core" and "cold"
- [- CV] should be constructed as [- C][CV]
- Syllable onset clusters are written as [- C][C C][CV]
- Syllable coda clusters are written as [V C][C C][C -]
- Consonant transitions are included as [C C]
- This list is 7 mora to optimize efficiency
List C
(431 Lines)
- Vowel sets 1 to 3 are included
- Inclusion of /ɔ/ vowel for improved smoothness on words such as "cold" (but not necessarily for "core" due to inclusion of /ɔɹ/)
- Vowels are recorded as VCV ([V V])
- [- CV] should be constructed as [- C][CV]
- Syllable onset clusters are written as [- C][C C][CV]
- Syllable coda clusters are written as [V C][C C][C -]
- Consonant transitions are included as [C C]
- This list is 7 mora to optimize efficiency
List D
(483 Lines)
- Vowel sets 1 to 4 are included
- Inclusion of /ɔ/ vowel for improved smoothness on words such as "cold"
- Vowels are recorded as VCV ([V V])
- [- CV] should be constructed as [- C][CV]
- Syllable onset clusters are written as [- C][C C][CV]
- Syllable coda clusters are written as [V C][C C][C -]
- Consonant transitions are included as [C C]
- This list is 7 mora to optimize efficiency
List E
(501 Lines)
- Vowel sets 1 to 5 are included
- Vowels are recorded as VCV ([V V])
- [- CV] should be constructed as [- C][CV]
- Syllable onset clusters are written as [CC][CV]
- Syllable coda clusters are written as [V C][C C][C -]
- This list is 7 mora to optimize efficiency